Can RPGs or Anti-Armor Weapons Penetrate Modern Main Battle Tanks?

Contrary to popular belief, it is indeed possible for Rocket Propelled Grenades (RPGs) or other similar anti-armor weapons to penetrate the armor of modern Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), under certain conditions.

Tank Armor Composition and Placement

Tank armor is not uniformly distributed or composed. The thickest and best armor is generally found on the front, as it is the most vulnerable to attack from the most likely direction. Side and rear armor tends to be thinner, while top and bottom armor is even less protected. Due to these variations, an RPG or similar weapon can penetrate areas with relatively thinner or less effective armor if they hit the right spot.

Moreover, the armor quality and composition can vary between different models of MBTs. Even within the same model, the armor thickness and effectiveness can differ. Therefore, the risk of penetration depends on where the RPG hits and the specific model of the target tank.

Effectiveness Against Modern MBTs

The original purpose of RPGs was to serve as anti-tank and anti-material weapons. While modern MBTs are well-equipped to withstand a direct hit from the Soviet RPG-7, it can still cause significant damage, such as disabling tracks or other critical components, potentially resulting in a mission kill.

In some cases, even older tanks like the Leopard I can be penetrated by RPG-7 charges, especially at certain angles and on specific parts of the tank. However, with advancements in RPG technology, newer models with more powerful shaped charges and tandem charges have become more effective.

A notable example occurred in August 2006 in Iraq when a modern RPG-29 with tandem charges managed to penetrate the front lower underside of a Challenger 2 tank, causing injuries to three crew members. Although the tank was able to withstand the damage and be repaired, it was rendered unserviceable, resulting in a mission kill.

Ukraine Conflict

The Type 7 RPGs, flown in strapped onto FPV drones, are currently being used in the Ukraine conflict on a daily basis. These weapons have proven to be highly effective against various types of armored vehicles.

Conclusion

The effectiveness of RPGs and anti-armor weapons depends not only on the type of weapon used but also on where it strikes the tank. While penetration is possible in some areas, the front armor of modern MBTs remains highly resistant to RPGs. However, the risk must not be underestimated, as hitting explosive components within the tank can cause significant internal damage, leading to a mission kill. The ongoing technological advancements in both weapons and armor highlight the evolving nature of this arms race.