Did Ancient Romans Have Veterinary Professionals?
The ancient Romans had a sophisticated system to handle the medical needs of their large animal population, including horses, mules, and oxen. These animals were integral to various aspects of Roman life, including transportation, warfare, and agricultural activities. The recognition of the significance of animal health in these contexts led to the development of specialized veterinary practices.
Focus on Large Animal Medicine
Given the critical role of animals in Roman affairs, the Romans placed a high priority on their health and well-being. Specialists were brought in to look after horses, mules, and oxen, which represented significant financial investments due to their importance in activities such as horse-racing, transport, and warfare.
Early Veterinary Practices
One of the key figures in ancient veterinary science was Aspyrtus, a Byzantine veterinarian who lived in the mid-fourth century CE. As an army officer, Aspyrtus not only trained cavalrymen in veterinary medicine but also left behind a valuable written record. This record detailed infectious and contagious equine diseases with a notable level of accuracy, indicating a sophisticated understanding of veterinary practices at the time.
Due to the precision in his diagnostic skills, Aspyrtus is sometimes referred to as "the father of veterinary medicine." However, while he may have been a prominent figure, the practice of veterinary medicine was not limited to military veterinarians alone.
Role in the Roman Military
The Roman military had an organized Veterinary Corps under the command of a ranking officer known as the "Veterinarius Medicus." This veterinary corps was responsible for the care of the horses, mules, and oxen used by the cavalry, logistics train, as well as war dogs, herding dogs, and livestock that accompanied the legions.
The "Veterinarius Medicus" oversaw a team of military veterinarians who, unlike Aspyrtus, came from diverse social backgrounds. This indicates a systematic approach to veterinary care within the Roman military, encompassing a wide range of social classes.
Support for Agricultural and Postal Services
In addition to the military, the Roman imperial postal transport service also recognized the importance of veterinary care. To ensure the health of the horses, mules, and oxen used in their transport service, they maintained a staff of slaves dedicated to addressing the various injuries and illnesses that the animals might encounter.
This dual focus on both the military and logistical support systems underscores the importance of veterinary care in ancient Roman society. The organization of specialized veterinary teams and the development of written records to document animal health issues demonstrate a level of sophistication and understanding in ancient veterinary science.
Conclusion
The existence of dedicated veterinary professionals in ancient Rome provides valuable insights into the advanced nature of their medical practices and the significance of animal health in their society. These practices, dating back to the time of Aspyrtus and the organized Veterinary Corps of the Roman military, highlight the importance of veterinary medicine in maintaining the efficiency and effectiveness of Roman operations, both military and civilian.