How Are Wines Graded and What Makes a Wine ‘Good’?
Understanding the grading and scoring of wines can be a daunting task for both newcomers and seasoned oenophiles. The most common grading systems include the 100-point scale popularized by Robert Parker, a traditional five-star system, and more contemporary 20-point scales used in the UK. However, it's worth noting that the 100-point scale has become the standard in the American market due to its widespread adoption.
Wine Grading and Scoring Systems
Commercially, wines are graded by the maker and conform to any standards imposed by relevant appellation systems. In the 1980s, Robert Parker introduced the 100-point scale, which quickly became popular among American consumers and subsequently spread globally. Prior to this, Hugh Johnson's five-star system with half-stars (essentially a score out of 10) was commonly used. Today, British publications often use a 20-point scale.
Generally, most wines fall within a range of 86 to 94 points on the 100-point scale. Interestingly, Parker himself admitted a few years ago that his scores are not as precise as once believed, acknowledging that he cannot consistently score the same wine with an accuracy of more than 2–3 points.
Professional Wine Grading
On a professional level, wine can be graded based on a variety of criteria including its presentation, appearance, aroma, and flavor. This can include direct comparisons with other wines from the same region or even the same vineyard from different vintages. However, as a wine lover, I prefer to rely on my own palate rather than on scores. Scores can be misleading and do not tell the whole story about the work and craftsmanship that goes into a wine.
I used to think that a score of 90 was excellent, but in the end, what matters most is what you enjoy and can afford. High scores like 90 can sometimes represent significant differences, but for many, wines ranked 88 are perfectly delightful and still worth the price.
Reliability of Critics and Scoring
Among wine critics, Jancis Robinson is considered one of the most reliable. She tends to score wines within a very narrow range, approximately 15-18 out of 20. This consistency highlights another important point: the reliability of a critic's scores. While high scores can influence purchasing decisions, it's essential to look beyond the number and consider the factors behind the scores.
Ultimately, wine is a subjective experience, and what makes a wine 'good' is a matter of personal preference. Spend time learning about different varietals, regions, and producers. Explore different vineyards and vintages to better understand why certain wines are favored and why you might enjoy specific offerings. True appreciation for wine comes from a deep connection with the product and a thorough understanding of its components and processes.
Conclusion
While wine scores can be useful, they should not be the sole determining factor in your decision to purchase a wine. Instead, focus on your own palate and do the research to understand the nuances and qualities that make a wine truly enjoyable. Remember, a good wine is one that resonates with your personal taste and budget. Happy tasting!