How to Identify a Cleared Penny: Unveiling the Secrets of Authenticity

Introduction to Penny Cleaning

Identifying a cleared penny can seem like a daunting task, but understanding the signs of cleaning can help you determine the true value and authenticity of a coin. A cleaned penny, often referred to as a "whizzed" coin, has undergone a process that aims to remove tarnish and restore its shine. However, this process can significantly diminish its numismatic value, which is the perceived value of a coin based on its rarity, condition, and historical significance. This article will guide you through the key signs that can help you detect a cleaned penny and distinguish it from an uncirculated one.

Visual Cues of a Cleaned Penny

Most often, you'll notice two distinctive features when inspecting a cleaned penny:

Uneven Toning

When a penny has been cleaned, the toning (the natural coloration that develops with age) will appear uneven. Typically, the coin will be darker around the font and any small details. This occurs because it is hard to clean these smaller areas without causing damage. The evenness of the toning is a crucial indicator of a coin's authenticity. A naturally toned penny will have a consistent, subtle patina that exhibits the lifecycle of the coin. This is often referred to as 'lodi toning' – characterized by a unique, varied coloration. In contrast, a cleaned penny will often have an unnatural, abrupt toning pattern.

Surface Scratches

Another tell-tale sign of a cleaned penny is the presence of small, noticeable scratches or swirls on its surface. These can only be identified with a 5X magnifier, which is essential in numismatics. The process of trying to polish a coin leaves behind these fine marks that are typically not present on a natural or uncirculated coin. These scratches are a result of the aggressive cleaning or buffing processes, and they can significantly lower the value of the coin.

When someone “whizzes” a coin, they essentially polish the surface to a bright finish, which can look unnatural and is not characteristic of a naturally circulated or uncirculated coin. This process also often entails the use of harsh chemicals or machines that can leave the coin with a brassy or unnatural appearance. Such actions not only damage the coin but also diminish its numismatic value.

Advanced Inspections with a Magnifier

Even with the naked eye, there are several subtle indications that can help you detect a cleaned coin. However, using a magnifier can provide a more definitive answer. When you examine the surface of the coin with a 5X magnifier, you should look for:

Tell-Tail Scratches or Swirls

Often, you will see these minute imperfections or swirl patterns on the surface of the coin. These are not normally present on undamaged, genuine pennies. The presence of such imperfections can indicate that the coin has been subjected to cleaning or polishing, thus losing its natural appearance and value.

Minor Pitting

Another sign to look for is minor pitting. Certain cleaning methods can cause small indentations or pitting on the surface of the coin, especially in areas where the toning is not uniform.

Unnatural Appearance and Circulation Signs

Even if a penny appears to be in mint condition, any brassy unnatural appearance could be a sign that it has been cleaned in the past. The natural toning of a coin can take decades, and the sudden appearance of a bright, uniform color can be a red flag that the coin has been artificially treated.

Additionally, pay attention to the coin's color when it appears dull. A dull color is often an indicator that the coin has been in circulation and has seen a lot of handling, which can lead to minor nicks and wear. Look for wear on the high points of the face and the back for fine details. A circulated coin will naturally have wear, and the high points of the design (such as the top of the 'P' in 'PENNY' and the 'O' in 'ONE') will show more wear than the lower parts of the design.

Conclusion

Identifying a cleaned penny requires a keen eye and a careful examination of the coin's surface. Understanding the tell-tale signs of cleaning, such as uneven toning, surface scratches, and a brassy or unnatural appearance, can help you determine the true value and authenticity of the coin. Investing in a magnifier is often the most effective way to assess the condition of a penny, as it can reveal the subtle signs of cleaning that may be invisible to the naked eye. By educating yourself on these key indicators, you can avoid purchasing or selling a coin that has undergone potentially damaging and value-diminishing cleaning processes.