Myths Debunked: Notre Dame’s Cross Survived the Fire and Why We Don’t Build Everything from Fireproof Materials
One of the most astonishing aspects of the Notre Dame fire in 2019 was the story of the church’s cross. Many believed that the cross was untouched by the blaze. This article will clarify the truth behind this myth and explore why it is not feasible to build everything from fireproof materials.
The Cross and the Reality of the Fire
The legend that portions of Notre Dame, including the cross, were unaffected by the fire has been widely circulated. Contrary to popular belief, the cross remained virtually intact not due to the use of any magical or fire-resistant material, but because it was positioned at ground level. Specifically, the cross was made from wood, plaster, and covered in gold leaf, all of which were shielded from the flames by being at street level when the fire occurred.
The cross is described in historical records as primarily made of metal, which explains why it survived. However, it is important to note that the materials such as the metal cross and the plaster and gold leaf decor did not prevent the building’s extensive damage.
The Truth Behind the Myth
The claim that the cross or other artifacts were untouched during the fire is a myth perpetuated by various sources. The Catholic Church, for instance, has not endorsed such a claim; in reality, the damage to the spire and the roof was significant, and the cross was not immune to the aftermath of the fire. The fire's impact was not just about the metal cross but the overall destruction of the cathedral’s structure and its history.
Why We Don’t Build Everything from Fireproof Materials
The idea of constructing everything from fireproof materials is appealing but fraught with limitations. Here, we unpack why such an approach is not practical:
1. Cost Considerations
Fireproof materials are often more expensive than traditional building materials. The use of such materials can significantly increase the cost of a construction project, making it less feasible for many building projects.
2. Weight and Structural Integrity
Many fireproof materials are density-intensive and can affect structural designs. Heavier materials would require stronger foundations and supports, which can be both costly and structurally challenging.
3. Aesthetic Concerns
The appearance of fireproof materials may not align with the visual and historical aspects of a building. Architects often prioritize the aesthetic and historical integrity of structures, particularly in historic buildings like Notre-Dame.
4. Functional Requirements
Different buildings have diverse requirements, and specific materials are chosen for their unique properties such as thermal insulation and soundproofing. Fireproof materials may not always meet these needs.
5. Building Codes and Standards
Building codes and regulations vary widely. Even if certain materials were fireproof, their use would need to comply with local regulations, which can be restrictive.
6. Historical Context
In historic buildings like Notre-Dame, materials and techniques used align with architectural styles of their time. Historical and cultural contexts often shape material choices, even if they are not the most technologically advanced.
Understanding the Disaster
The scale of the damage in the Notre Dame fire was immense, with both the spire and the roof sustaining heavy losses. The photos available offer a challenging perspective, making it difficult to fully grasp the interior damage. The spire, positioned over the transept or the cross aisle between the nave and the altar, is critical to understanding the debris that fell into the interior. The floorplan of the cathedral, as shown in the image, is providing a clearer picture.
The roof of the cathedral, made of timber and lead sheeting, was positioned above the arched stone vaulting that forms the inner ceiling of the cathedral. The fire caused significant damage to this timber and lead roof, leading to the collapse of the spire and other structural elements.
Conclusion
While the survival of the cross was a testament to the building’s historical significance, it was not due to the use of magical or fire-resistant materials. The use of any material is a complex decision influenced by factors such as cost, functionality, aesthetics, and historical context. Understanding these aspects is crucial in appreciating the challenges and decisions faced during the restoration of historical landmarks like Notre-Dame.