Space Exploration Safety: Consequences and Rescuability for Astronauts
The potential consequences for an astronaut who gets lost in space are dire if they run out of vital supplies such as oxygen, food, and heat. This article explores the realities of space exploration, debunking rumors about lost astronauts and clarifying the procedures that prevent such events from occurring.
Consequences of Running Out of Oxygen
Beyond all doubt, if an astronaut exhausts their oxygen supply in space, death is an inevitable consequence. There are no life-saving measures in space that can be accessible with a pocket. Preventing suffocation due to lack of oxygen is absolutely essential; otherwise, death will occur within minutes.
Assuming two scenarios for this situation, the first involves an astronaut lost within a spacecraft without fuel. Such an individual would continue to orbit until their momentum ends. If within the Karman line (the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and space), the astronaut may eventually fall back to Earth, provided they can control the spacecraft and its glide path. However, if there is no such control, the heaviest part of the spacecraft would lead to a destructive reentry, leading to the astronaut's demise.
The second scenario involves an astronaut performing an EVA (extra-vehicular activity) outside the ship. If the tether breaks and the astronaut is not equipped with a jetted backpack, they would face an indefinite orbit in space. Despite Earth's gravity eventually pulling them back, this situation is far from safe due to extremely cold temperatures and the inability to slow down the reentry process.
Preventing Space Adventures into the Unknown
The likelihood of an astronaut becoming "lost" in space is virtually non-existent due to the structured nature of space missions. Astronauts do not venture out without a planned route and medical supplies sufficient for the duration of their mission. The procedures for donning a spacesuit are meticulous, involving controlled airlocks and a full cycle of preparation. Never do astronauts venture far from the International Space Station (ISS), ensuring their safety and constant communication with support personnel.
Radio contact is maintained at all times, and astronauts have hand-holds and tethers to guide them. Additionally, live video feeds monitor their activities, reducing the risk of getting disoriented or lost. Even in the event of an emergency, the ISS has emergency protocols in place to ensure the safety of astronauts and prompt return to a safe zone.
Other Vitals: Heat, Water, and Food
Alongside oxygen, elements such as heat, water, and food are crucial for survival in space. However, unlike earth where one might run out of food or water in a forest setting, these resources are meticulously managed and regulated in space. Astronauts receive sufficient nutrition and hydration during their missions, ensuring they have enough food and water for their time outside the spacecraft.
For dearth of heat, astronauts have thermal protection systems within their suits and habitats, ensuring they stay warm. However, the primary concern remains oxygen, as it is the most immediate and vital element required for human survival.
Overall, while the dangers of space are real, rigorous safety protocols and continuous monitoring mitigate these risks, ensuring the survivability of astronauts during extravehicular activities.