The Reality of Converting an AR-15 to Fully Automatic: Legal, Feasible, and Worthwhile?

When considering whether an AR-15 can be converted to fully automatic, the question arises: Is it possible? Many believe that any semi-automatic firearm can be turned into a fully automatic one with enough effort. However, the reality is quite different. This article explores the feasibility, legality, and practicality of converting an AR-15 to a fully automatic firearm, providing insights for both curious and uninformed individuals.

Is the AR-15 Unique in Being Convertible?

While it is true that any semi-automatic firearm can potentially be converted to fully automatic, the AR-15 is not unique in this aspect. Almost any semi-automatic rifle can be modified to function as a fully automatic firearm. This is not a characteristic exclusive to the AR-15, making it no different from other common sporting rifles, except for its shape. The left side of the barrel is often pointed out as a unique identifier, but the conversion process remains the same for many firearms.

Conversion to Select Fire or Full Automatic

To convert an AR-15 to a fully automatic firearm, several modifications are required. For instance, leave out one part of the AR-15, and it may cycle a few rounds as a fully automatic rifle. However, to achieve a reliable select fire capability (emulating the M-16), a hole must be drilled and the appropriate parts installed. This process is not unique to the AR-15; any competent machinist can make a semi-automatic firearm either select fire or fully automatic. However, the conversion is not commonly done for several reasons.

Feasibility vs. Practicality

Feasibility is not a pressing issue in converting an AR-15 to a fully automatic firearm. Given the right knowledge and tools, it is possible to achieve this conversion. However, the practicality and legality need to be considered.

Legal Considerations

Laws vary significantly by country. In the United States, converting an AR-15 to fully automatic is illegal under the National Firearms Act (NFA) unless the firearm is registered as a machine gun. The process is a costly and time-consuming endeavor, involving registration and background checks, making it unfeasible for most individuals. The number of law-abiding gun owners is far greater, numbering in the tens of millions. Those few who wish to engage in such conversion typically have the resources and knowledge to do so, but the process is fraught with legal and safety concerns.

Technical Feasibility

The conversion process involves several steps:

Completely disassemble the AR-15. Remove the hammer assembly and replace it with an M16 hammer assembly. Remove the bolt and bolt carrier, and replace them with an M16 bolt carrier. Mill the narrow back part of the lower receiver to the same width as the front part of the receiver. Drill the receiver to accept the auto sear. Obtain a M16 selector and replace the AR-15 selector. Get a M16 disconnector and discard the AR-15 one. Obtain all necessary springs and fiddly bits to make all the parts work as intended. Reassemble the firearm correctly.

If the conversion is performed incorrectly, the results could be catastrophic. The firearm may fail to operate safely, leading to accidents or injuries. Some prefer bump firing, which offers similar performance without the risks associated with conversion.

Risks and Alternatives

Directly converting an AR-15 to a fully automatic firearm is not without risks. One alternative is to have the firearm converted through a gunsmith or to purchase a fully automatic version if legal in your area. An even safer alternative is bump fire, which can mimic the fast, continuous fire of a fully automatic weapon without the risks associated with conversion.

Overall, while it is possible to convert an AR-15 to a fully automatic firearm, the process is fraught with legal and technical obstacles. For most individuals, bump firing is a safer and more practical solution. Those who wish to explore this conversion should carefully consider the legal, financial, and safety implications.