# Introduction: Kolhapur and Its Rich Past

Kolhapur, an ancient and historic city nestled in the Indian state of Maharashtra, boasts a rich and fascinating history rooted in the Maratha kingship era. This article delves into the reigns of various rulers who governed Kolhapur, from its establishment in 1707 to modern times, exploring their contributions and legacies.

# Tarabai and the Foundation of Kolhapur

Tarabai: The Founder of Kolhapur

Kolhapur's establishment in 1707 was the result of a succession dispute surrounding the Maratha kingship. Tarabai, the wife of Maratha king Rajaram, played a pivotal role in the city's founding. After the demise of Rajaram in 1700, she placed her son, Shivaji II, on the throne of Panhala, marking the beginning of a lineage that would rule Kolhapur for over a century.

Rajaram, Son of Chhatrapati Shivaji, left behind a legacy of devotion and martial prowess. His widow, Tarabai, was a capable leader who ensured the continuity of the Maratha kingship. She ably managed the political and military affairs of Kolhapur, maintaining the dynasty post his death.

# The Shivaji Lineage: A Legacy of Maratha Kingship

Shivaji II: His Reign and Legacy

Shivaji II ruled over Kolhapur until 1760, during which he built a foundation for Kolhapur to thrive. The name 'Shivaji II' signifies not just a successor but a continuation of the Maratha lineage, upholders of the divine right to rule. His reign was characterized by political stability, and under his care, the city flourished.

Sambhaji II and His Successors

Sambhaji II followed Shivaji II, ruling from 1760 to 1812. After him, Shivaji III was the ruler from 1812 to 1866, and his grandson, Shambhu, from 1812 to 1821. These rulers maintained the Maratha traditions, fostering governance and military prowess. Despite internal and external challenges, they ensured the city's security and prosperity.

Shahaji, from 1821 to 1837, and Shivaji IV, from 1837 to 1866, continued the family lineage, each adding his own unique imprint on the city's history. These rulers were not only concerned with governance but also with the spiritual and cultural enrichment of Kolhapur.

# The Decline and Transition: The End of the Shivaji Dynast

Rajaram II and the Final Transition

Rajaram II ruled from 1866 to 1870, marking the end of the Shivaji dynasty. After his death, his widow, Maharani Anandibai, adopted Shahu Maharaja as his successor. The choice of Shahu was pivotal, leading to a new era for Kolhapur, one that saw the gradual decline of the Shivaji line and the rise of new challenges.

# Conclusion: The Legacy of Kolhapur

In conclusion, the rulers of Kolhapur played a crucial role in shaping the city's history. Tarabai's establishment, the military and political prowess of the Shivaji lineage, and the transition overseeing the city's diversification mark the rich tapestry of Kolhapur's past.