Understanding Altar and Sanctuary: Symbols and Significance in Lutheran Churches
In the context of Christian churches, particularly Lutheran churches, the altar serves as a focal point of worship and symbolism. This article explores the roles, traditions, and significance of altars and sanctuaries in Lutheran churches, providing insights into their spiritual importance.
Altar and Sanctuary in Lutheran Churches
The term 'altar' is often associated with a special area in a church where Communion or Eucharist is celebrated. In Lutheran churches, this area is frequently referred to as the chancel, which is part of the sanctuary. The sanctuary may encompass the entire church, including the chancel and the nave. It is a space designed to honor and signify the presence of Christ.
Role and Symbolism of Altars in Lutheran Churches
Altars in Lutheran churches can vary widely in style, from the grand and ornate to the simple and minimalist. These altars serve as a visible representation of Christ's sacrifice and the sacrament of the Eucharist. Lutheran altars are often adorned with symbols and elements that reinforce the belief in the real presence of Christ during the Eucharist.
The altar itself is treated with respect and reverence, reflecting the belief that it is the throne of Christ. Lutheran practices often include bowing to the altar when entering or leaving the sanctuary. This gesture serves as a physical expression of honor and dedication to the presence of Christ.
Sacrament of the Altar and the Mass
The Sacrament of the Altar, or Eucharist, is a central aspect of the Lutheran liturgy. It is a re-enactment of the Last Supper, where Jesus instituted the celebration of the Mass. The Mass is rooted in the biblical command of Jesus to his disciples: "Do this in memory of me."
During the Last Supper, Jesus used the word touto poieite (do this) to instruct his followers to partake in the bread and wine. However, the Greek word poieite can also be interpreted as offer this, or sacrifice this. This is significant because the Old Testament uses the same word poiein (offer or sacrifice) to describe the offerings on the altar.
Historical Context and Early Church Writings
The use and significance of the altar in the context of the Mass can be traced back to early Christian writings. Ignatius of Antioch, an early Christian theologian, emphasized the importance of unity in the celebration of the Eucharist:
"Make certain therefore that you all observe one common Eucharist for there is but one Body of our Lord Jesus Christ and but one cup of union with his Blood and one single altar of sacrifice— even as there is also but one bishop with his clergy and my own fellow servitors the deacons. This will ensure that all your doings are in full accord with the will of God." (Letter to the Philadelphians, 4, A.D. 110).
Such unity and the presence of the altar in the Mass underscore the Christ-centered nature of the sacrament, reflecting the continuity of the Old Covenant with the New.
Examples of Altars in Lutheran Churches
Lutheran churches around the world feature a wide variety of altars, each with its own unique story and significance:
St Mary and St George Church, Wismar, Germany: This church features a grand and ornate altar, reflecting the rich heritage of German Lutheranism.
Christ Church, Cleveland, Ohio: A simple, yet meaningful altar serves as a reminder of Christ's sacrifice.
Our Lady of Arsunda, Sweden: This altar is a testament to the simplicity and directness found in many Swedish Lutheran churches.
St Ansgar Church, Stockholm, Sweden: Known for its elegant and straightforward design, this altar reflects the Lutheran tradition.
Holy Trinity Church, Detroit, MI: This church's altar is of magnificent proportions, reflecting the importance of the sacrament.
Prince of Peace Church, Princeton, NJ: Boasting a rich, ornate style, this altar highlights the beauty and reverence associated with the Eucharist.
St Augustine House, Oxford, MI: Featuring a simple altar, this church emphasizes the humility and focus on Christ's presence.
Conclusion
The altar and sanctuary in Lutheran churches are more than just architectural features; they are deeply symbolic and spiritually rich spaces that embody the presence of Christ and the continuity of Christian tradition. Understanding their significance can deepen one's engagement with the faith and the Eucharistic celebration.