Understanding Home Septic System Failures: Causes and Prevention
Home septic systems are designed to handle waste from households, but they are not immune to failures. These failures can be devastating and costly, leading to significant inconvenience and financial strain. Understanding the causes of these failures and how to prevent them is crucial for every homeowner. This article will delve into common reasons for septic system failures and offer practical solutions to ensure your system remains functional.
Causes of Septic System Failures
Based on the experiences of experienced septic system maintenance professionals, there are several factors that can lead to septic system failures. Some failures are immediate and evident, while others take time to manifest. Here are some of the most common causes:
Overwhelming Waste
Septic systems can become overwhelmed when too much waste is introduced. This can be particularly true for items like bath beads, which contain oil that can be difficult for the system to process. The case of the woman who installed the system and used excessive amounts of bath beads led to a system failure within six months. Similarly, improper sizing or inadequate capacity can also lead to failure.
Environmental Factors
Exposure to extreme temperatures can severely impact the performance of septic systems. One example cited is a system that failed twice within two years due to freezing. Even with additional insulation, the system was still vulnerable to frost, largely due to the presence of large dogs that walked over the leach field, loosening the frost and causing failure. Similarly, root intrusion can also be a significant issue, especially in areas with abundant vegetation, as it can block crucial components of the system.
Material Degradation
Septic tanks are subject to material degradation over time, particularly steel tanks. Rust can weaken the tank and cause holes, leading to system failure. Steel tanks that were 10 years old and rarely found tanks over 15 years old without some rust or holes are prime examples of this problem. Proper and regular maintenance can help mitigate these issues.
Human Error and Abuse
Improper design or installation, as well as misuse or abuse, can also lead to septic system failures. Human error during the initial setup can result in issues that may not become apparent until years later. For instance, if the leach field or tank is not properly sealed or if the surrounding area is not adequately protected, it can lead to water leakage, contamination, or even freezing.
Preventive Measures and Care Practices
To prevent septic system failures, it is essential to take several preventive measures and adopt good maintenance practices. Some key strategies include:
Proper Size and Capacity
Ensure that the septic system is properly sized and has adequate capacity to handle the waste produced by the household. This can help prevent overwhelming the system and reduce the risk of clogging or failure.
Regular Maintenance
Regularly servicing the septic system, including pumping, is vital to its longevity. Severe clogs and backups can be avoided by professional pumping every 2 to 5 years, depending on usage. Proper pumping can significantly extend the life of the system and prevent failures.
Insulation and Protection
Protect the septic system from extreme temperatures by ensuring proper insulation and protection. This can help prevent freezing and freezing-related damage, particularly in colder climates. For areas with large vegetation, consider installing root barriers to prevent root intrusion.
Design and Installation Quality
Hire reputable professionals for the design and installation of the septic system. Proper design and quality installation are essential to ensure the system functions effectively and remains robust over time. Regular inspections and maintenance by certified professionals can also help identify and address potential issues before they escalate.
Sustainable Practices
Adopt sustainable practices to reduce the load on the septic system. This includes minimizing the use of harsh chemicals and disposing of waste responsibly. Proper management of greywater, reducing water usage, and avoiding the disposal of non-biodegradable items like tampons or grease can help keep the system functioning well.
Conclusion
While septic system failures can occur, understanding the underlying causes and implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of such issues. By taking a proactive approach to septic system maintenance and care, homeowners can extend the life of their systems, avoid costly repairs, and ensure the health and safety of their household for years to come.