What Electrical Cable Can People Use Outside?

Outdoor electrical wiring is a critical aspect of any residential or commercial project. Proper cable selection ensures safety, compliance, and longevity of the system. This article aims to guide you through the various types of cables suitable for outdoor use, their applications, and considerations needed.

Choosing the Right Cables for Outdoor Use

When selecting cables for outdoor use, it's essential to adhere to local electrical codes and standards, which typically require cables to be approved for wet locations. Different wiring methods, such as conduit or cable type, have specific requirements:

Conduit Wiring Methods: These methods demand cables marked with a 'W' in their type designation, such as THWN (Thermoplastic Hazardous Locations Wet Dry), THHW (Thermoplastic Hazardous Locations Wet Dry High Temperature), or THW (Thermoplastic Hazardous Locations Wet). Cable Type Wiring Methods: These include UF (Underground Feeder) cables, which are ideal for direct burial and are suitable for both permanent and temporary outdoor installations.

Connected to a GFCI Circuit Interrupter?

The suitability of a cable for a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) circuit breaker depends on the specific components involved. Typically, yes, it is safe to connect a GFCI circuit to an outdoor cable rated for wet locations, provided that the GFCI is properly installed and the cable is handled according to safety guidelines. However, always consult with a licensed electrician to ensure compliance and safety.

Temporary or Permanent Outdoor Use?

When it comes to temporary outdoor use, options such as SO (Sheathed, Outdoor) or S (Standard) portable cords are rated for outdoor use and can be used for a single installation. For a permanent outdoor installation, options like SUSE (Service Entrance Unit, Expanded) or UF cables should be considered. It's crucial to use a licensed electrician to ensure safety and compliance.

Current Carrying Capacity

Electrical wires used for outdoor applications must be capable of carrying the current required for the project. Generally, 12ga (gauge) wire is used for outdoor settings due to the lower risk of overloading. However, for longer distances or higher current requirements, a heavier gauge wire may be necessary to prevent overheating and potential fires.

Weather Resistance and Protection

For single-use outdoor installations, especially during dry conditions, standard indoor cables can be used if rated for outdoor use. It's important to use weatherproof plugs and sockets for a more permanent installation to ensure safety against moisture and environmental factors.

Key Considerations:

Physical Protection: Armoured cables offer superior mechanical protection, including resistance to UV rays and physical damage caused by machinery or animals. Waterproofing: Place cables in waterproof containers or use cables rated for direct burial to ensure long-term safety and durability. Voltage Levels: For very low voltage applications (e.g., 12 volts), standard cables can be used as they are less prone to damage from rain or moisture.

Conclusion

Selecting the right electrical cable for outdoor use requires careful consideration of environmental conditions, application needs, and local regulations. Whether for temporary or permanent installations, using cables designed for outdoor use ensures safety, compliance, and longevity. Always consult a licensed electrician to ensure proper installation and adherence to all necessary codes and standards.